March 30, 2025

What to Do If You Can't Pay Your Medical Bills?

Can't pay medical bills? Negotiate bills, set up a payment plan, explore financial aid, and manage credit scores. Act now to safeguard finances!

Rising healthcare costs have put many individuals in a difficult position, leading to medical debts that seem impossible to pay off. Over 100 million Americans are struggling with medical debt, and this number continues to grow. If you're facing this challenge, understanding your options is crucial to managing these bills, protecting your financial health, and minimizing damage to your credit score. 

The earlier you address the issue, the more options you'll have to reduce the financial burden. Here's how to effectively handle your medical bills.

How to Prevent Medical Debt in the First Place

Before you find yourself struggling to pay medical bills, there are proactive steps you can take to prevent debt from accumulating in the first place. Prevention is often easier and more cost-effective than managing large bills later on.

Get Health Insurance

A reliable health insurance plan is one of the best ways to avoid medical debt. Even if you are healthy, insurance can prevent unexpected medical expenses. Without it, a single emergency or health issue could lead to significant financial strain.

Check Your Insurance Coverage

Understanding your insurance policy’s coverage is essential. Often, unexpected out-of-pocket costs arise because individuals aren’t fully aware of what is and isn’t covered. Familiarize yourself with your policy’s exclusions and limitations to avoid surprise charges.

Use Preventive Care

Many health insurance plans cover preventive care, such as regular check-ups, vaccinations, and screenings, at no additional cost. By taking advantage of these services, you can catch potential health issues early, which may prevent more serious (and expensive) treatments down the road.

Maintain an Emergency Fund

Building an emergency fund specifically for healthcare expenses can be a lifesaver. Even with insurance, out-of-pocket costs can arise from medical emergencies, medications, or procedures not fully covered by your plan. Having a financial cushion dedicated to healthcare can alleviate some of the stress caused by unexpected medical bills.

Understand In-Network vs. Out-of-Network Costs

Before seeking care, understand which medical providers and facilities are within your insurance network. Going out-of-network can result in higher charges that may not be covered or may only be partially reimbursed. Being aware of this distinction can help you avoid significant medical bills that could otherwise have been avoided.

By preventing medical debt from accumulating in the first place, you can avoid significant financial strain later on. But if you cannot pay, here are your next steps.

Review and Negotiate Your Medical Bills

When facing medical bills you can’t pay, the first step is carefully reviewing the charges. Billing errors are common, and you may be paying more than necessary. Taking the time to go over your bills thoroughly can help reduce your debt.

Request Itemized Bills

If your medical bill is not itemized, request an itemized version. This will provide a detailed breakdown of the charges to identify mistakes, such as duplicate charges or over-inflated costs.

Verify CPT Codes

Medical providers use CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes to document services. Incorrect or misused codes can result in higher charges. If you’re unsure whether the codes are correct, ask for an explanation and verify them with your healthcare provider.

Negotiate Your Bill

Many healthcare providers are willing to negotiate medical bills, especially if you are upfront about your financial situation. You may be able to lower the bill or arrange a discount, especially if you're paying out-of-pocket or in full upfront. Don’t hesitate to ask about charity care programs or sliding scale fees based on your income.

Setting Up a Payment Plan

If paying your medical bills in full isn’t feasible, setting up a payment plan can make the process more manageable. Many healthcare providers offer payment plans that allow you to pay off your debt over time, making it easier to avoid debt escalation and collections.

Establish a Payment Plan

 Contact your healthcare provider to inquire about available payment plans. Many providers offer interest-free installments, and the payment duration may vary depending on the size of the debt. Discuss your situation openly so they can offer a plan that works for your financial circumstances.

Communicate Proactively

It's essential to keep the lines of communication open with your healthcare provider. If you miss a payment, reach out immediately to explain your situation and discuss your options. Being proactive in communication can prevent your debt from being sent to collections.

Need help managing your debt or preventing it from being sent to collections? 

South East Client Services Inc. (SECS) is here to assist you. Contact us today to discuss how we can help you navigate debt collection processes and protect your financial future.

Explore Financial Assistance Programs

If negotiating or setting up a payment plan doesn’t fully resolve your situation, you may want to explore financial assistance programs. Many hospitals and healthcare providers have options for patients who cannot afford their medical bills, including financial aid based on income.

  1. Hospital Financial Assistance Programs

    Many hospitals offer financial assistance programs that can help lower your medical costs, depending on your income and financial need. These programs are often called charity care and may cover all or part of your medical bills.
  2. Government Programs

    If you're eligible, government assistance programs like Medicaid, CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program), and Medicare can cover some or all of your medical expenses. Check your eligibility for these programs based on your income and health status.

Explore financial assistance today – Speak with your healthcare provider or check eligibility for government assistance programs that can ease your burden.

Alternative Financial Options

When all else fails, alternative financial options can provide some relief, though they come with risks. Proceed with caution when considering these options, which may affect your long-term economic stability.

  1. Medical Credit Cards

    Medical credit cards are often marketed as an option for financing medical bills. While they may offer low or deferred interest for a set time, these cards often carry the highest rates after the promotional period ends. Before using a medical credit card, understand the full terms and conditions.
  2. Personal Loans or Home Equity

    If you have good credit, personal or home equity loans can provide the funds to pay medical bills. However, both options carry risks. Personal loans often come with high interest rates, and home equity loans put your property at risk if you can’t make the payments.

While these options can provide short-term relief, they may not be the best long-term solution. Before proceeding, carefully weigh the potential risks and rewards.

Understanding the Impact on Your Credit Score

If your medical debt goes unpaid for a long time, it may affect your credit score. However, there have been changes to how medical debt is reported that could work in your favor.

  1. Timelines and Effects of Medical Debt Reporting

    As of 2022, the three major credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion) no longer report medical debt until it has been outstanding for at least 180 days. This gives you additional time to resolve the issue before it affects your credit score.
  2. 2022 Credit Bureau Policies

    Another key change is that once medical debt is paid off, it will be removed from your credit report. This helps restore your credit score if you’ve already settled your medical bills, providing an opportunity to rebuild your financial health.

If you're concerned about the impact of medical debt on your credit score, regularly check your credit report to stay informed. Recent changes to medical debt reporting may provide relief, but staying proactive is essential.

Impact of Medical Debt on Your Mental Health

The financial strain caused by medical debt can also impact your mental health. The anxiety associated with unpaid bills is real and can lead to emotional and physical health issues.  Worrying about unpaid medical bills can lead to anxiety, sleep disturbances, and even depression. Financial stress often contributes to overall poor well-being, affecting your ability to focus and manage other areas of your life.

Seeking Mental Health Support

If you're overwhelmed by financial stress, seeking professional help is important. Many mental health providers offer sliding scale fees or payment plans to help ease the burden, making it easier for you to manage both your debt and emotional health.

Addressing your financial and mental health can help you gain control and improve your overall well-being during a challenging time.

How to Communicate with Debt Collectors

Knowing how to handle debt collectors is essential to protect your rights and manage the situation effectively if your medical debt is sent to collections.

  1. Know Your Rights

    Under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), debt collectors are prohibited from harassing or threatening you. Familiarize yourself with your rights to ensure debt collectors do not violate the law.
  2. Stay Calm and Professional

    When communicating with debt collectors, always remain calm and professional. Be clear about your financial situation, and request an extended payment plan or settlement if needed.
  3. Get Everything in Writing

    Any agreements you make with debt collectors should be confirmed in writing. This ensures that you have a record of the arrangement, which can protect you from future disputes.

Handling debt collection situations calmly and legally can help you manage the problem without further stress.

When to Consider Bankruptcy

In extreme cases, bankruptcy may be necessary if you cannot pay your medical bills and have exhausted all other options.

  1. Chapter 7 vs. Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

    Chapter 7 bankruptcy may eliminate unsecured medical debts, including medical bills. Chapter 13 bankruptcy, on the other hand, allows you to restructure your debts and pay them off over time. Both options can have long-lasting effects, so it’s important to understand which is best for your situation.
  2. Consult a Bankruptcy Attorney

    Before filing for bankruptcy, consult a bankruptcy attorney to understand the implications fully. An attorney can guide you through the process and help you determine if this is right for you.

If bankruptcy becomes your last resort, ensure you're fully informed about its impact on your financial future.

Conclusion

Taking action early is most important when you can't pay medical bills. By reviewing your bills, negotiating with healthcare providers, setting up payment plans, and exploring financial assistance programs, you can manage your debt in a way that suits your financial situation. With recent changes to medical debt reporting, there's a chance to protect your credit score and rebuild your financial health.

Take control today: Whether you're negotiating your bills, setting up a payment plan, or exploring financial assistance, solutions are available to help you manage medical debt. Don’t wait until the situation escalates—act now to protect your finances and health.

Need help managing your medical debt? 

South East Client Services Inc. (SECS) is here to assist with your financial challenges. With our expert debt management services, we can help you negotiate, set up payment plans, and provide the resources you need to get back on track. 

Contact SECS today to take control of your medical bills and safeguard your financial future!